Macro economic problems of sri lanka and maldives

Macro economic problems of sri lanka and maldives Introduction Human needs and wants can be fulfilled through production of goods and services. Production can take place with the help of factors of production, which are inputs into the production, such as land, labor and capital. So production and distribution of goods and services, in order to fulfill human needs and wants directly and indirectly, is known as economy. According to Barro (2008), economy is divided into micro economic environment and macroeconomic environment. Micro economy is about economic behavior of specific individual, firms and the distribution of production among individual industries. Macro economy is mostly focused on total production, productivity, rate of employment, consumer prices, incomes of households and net import and export of a country. In this project we will focus mainly on macro economic problems such as inflation, income, unemployment, etc and trends over ten years of economic growth experienced by Sri Lanka and Maldives. And moreover the policies used by government of both countries throughout these ten years to sustain their economic growth at a favorable level. Economic growth shows the changes in real gross domestic product over time. The business Cycle Constant economic growth is not experienced by any country. For each and every country, if we observe the path of economic activity, it can be seen that there are deviation or fluctuations. At times these fluctuations will lead the economy into a more favourable position while during other times it could lead to a more devastating situation. These fluctuations in the economy are known as business cycle, and consist of periods of contraction, trough, expansion and peak. The fluctuations in the economy are usually measured in real GDP and other macroeconomic variables (Delong Olney, 2006). Source: www.imf.org Figure Business Cycle Diagram 1 above shows the business cycle for Maldives and Sri Lanka for the years starting from 1998 to 2008 measured in GDP at constant prices. As can be seen in diagram 1, both the economies of Maldives and Sri Lanka were experiencing a period of contraction from the years 1998 to 2001. After reaching to its lowest in 2001, the economy of both nations started to recover and was flourishing until the natural disaster, tsunami, left a huge impact on the economy of Maldives. However with the aid of other nations and the govt. economic policies, led to a record high economic growth rate. The economies of both countries again are facing a period of contraction from 2006 onward. This may be due the downturn in the world economy. These stages of economic downturn and prosperity shown in the business cycle are explained in more detail below. 2.1 Contraction Trough Contraction starts once the economy reaches its peak and further progress becomes difficult. When the economy reaches to its peak, economic growth starts to slowdown, as there will shortages in the economic resources (Dornbusch, et al.2008) The increasing prices, wages and interest rates would eventually halt the demand for the output and reduce the level of sales. The reduction in sales means that firms will now be holding excess supply and will reduce production and will focus more on selling their excess output. The decline in production will result in fewer amounts of resources being required by the producers. Since the producers now have a pile up inventory they will reduce purchases from suppliers. As the production of output reduces, firms will no longer require the service of some of their employees. Firms start to lay off some of their employees, starting the fear of unemployment among the labor force (Blanchard ,2009).This fear for a hardship for the future will encourage s aving. The reduction in consumer spending will lead to lower profits or even losses for the businesses. Some businesses will even go bankrupt discouraging further investments. In the contraction period the national output starts to decrease as well as prices and incomes and unemployment begins to increase(Delong Olney, 2006). The contraction stage for both countries is in the same period as per diagram 1. The economies are experiencing contractions from 1998 2001 and 2006 2009. Trough Trough is the lowest point of the contraction where the economy takes the turn. At this point countries would have unemployment rate at its highest, inflation will be low and the national output will also be at its lowest. There will be unused capacity within the economy although investments will be less due to high uncertainty towards the economy (Chamberlin Yueh, 2006). 2.1.1 Maldives During the past ten years, Maldives had experience two periods of economic contractions. These were during the periods of 1998 2001 and 2006 2008. Figure For the contraction in Maldivian economy from 2006 to 2008 the annual percent change in real GDP had decreased from 17.98 to 5.84(Figure 1). This was mainly due to the adverse effects on tourism during this period because of the world financial and economic downturn. The fishing industry, the other major contributor to the Maldivian national output, had also declined during this period as the oil price had risen during these years. The rate of inflation was on the rise mainly because of the increase in import prices, oil prices and rise in wages of the public sector as well as the large increase in government expenditure. The rate of unemployment rate is not known for all the years due to lack of data, however, for 2006 the unemployment rate stood at 7.9 percent. 2.1.2 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka continued on an economic expansion path in 2006 showing a record of 7.4 % which was the highest since 1978.This growth arose mainly from the service sector which grew to 8.3 % during the year and this contributed the highest at 62.6 %. In Contrast the growth rate in 2007 and 2008 declined compared to 2006 which was recorded at 6.8 % and 6 %respectively. Growth rate in agricultural sector (5.7%) in 2007 was moderate due to drop in production of major crops like tea and paddy, but performed well in the first half of year 2008.Industrial sector maintained a growth over 6 % till first nine months in 2008 but declined to 5.9 % in the end. This was due to global slowdown. Unemployment rate dropped substantially to 6.5 % during 2006 and continued its declining trend and dropped to the lowest rate of 5.2 % in 2008.This was mainly due to increased employment in the agriculture and construction sectors and increased in self employment. In 2006, during the early years Sri Lanka experienced a decelerating trend in inflation, which was mainly due to high monetary expansion as well as high government expenditure and borrowings. In 2007, CPI moved in an upward trend increasing to 15.8 %. This was due to terrorist disturbance in the paddy producing areas, bad weather conditions and high demand for rice due to high price in substitutes, and also high price of domestic agricultural commodities. Also due to rise in global oil and gas prices adjustment to some commodities were needed. Also, shortage in global supply and increased in demand in international commodity market caused to raise the price of major imported food commodities. Inflation reached to its peak in mid of 2008 to 28.8 % and declined significantly to 14.4 %, mainly due to the continued tight monetary policy measures by the Central Bank and the sharp declined in the international commodity prices .The increased in CPI was also fuelled by the low supply of domestic agriculture products and also high price in the international market of some imports. Meanwhile, increased in electricity charges which caused to raise price levels was also attributed in increased in inflation. 2.2 Recovery / Expansion Peak Recovery phase of business cycle comes, if government makes good decisions and productive capital investments during the period of trough or recession. In the phase of recovery economy starts to get its position and gross domestic product starts to expand instead of getting worse. Effective physical and monetary policies by the government at the time of recovery would help the economy to gear up the economic activities and establish again until it reaches to peak. In other words it is also called as expansion period of economy. Expansion occurs after an economy reaches to its previous favorable position (Blanchard ,2009). During the months of expansion it is the best time for investment and it is well-known golden time for stock market investors. When an economic expansion occurs stock goes up more than at any other time. During an economic expansion, demand for the goods and services are increased as consumers feel certainty in the economy which leads to increase their spending. More spending in the economy encourages further economic expansion such as increasing productivity, improve standard of living, and reduce unemployment by creating lot of job opportunities in the economy (Dornbusch, et al,2008). When the economy reaches its peak, the output of the nation will be at its highest, investments, inflation and incomes will be high and unemployment will be at lowest. Firms will enjoy a higher profit in this period. 2.2.1 Maldives The economic situation of Maldives was improving throughout the years from 2001 to 2006. During this economic prosperity the annual percent change in real GDP had increased from 3.45 in 2001 to 17.98 in 2006(Figure 1). Figure The major contributors the Maldivian national output, the fisheries and tourism sector had prospered during this period (figure3). Although at the end of the year 2004 the nation was almost swept away by the tsunami, the destruction faced to the economy was eventually put on track with the help of foreign aid and government investments in rebuilding the infrastructure of the country, thus aiding the growing construction industry in Maldives. The total government expenditure and revenue for this period shows just how much the economy was prospering (figure 4). Figure Annual percent change in Govt. Revenue and Expenditure The changes in unemployment rate cannot be clearly seen due to lack of data; however the number of expatriate workers had vastly increased. Unemployment rate had increased from 2000 to 2006 from 2.3 to 7.9 percent. Since, Maldives is heavily dependent on imports, any changes in the world economy has a huge impact on the domestic price level. Inflation rates largely reflect the world economic trend. 2.2.2 Sri Lanka In the year 2001, global recession and low rain fall caused to face an economic slowdown throughout the year; agriculture (-3%), Industry (-2%), Services (-0.5%) and Sri Lanka experienced a negative growth rate of 1.4 percent for the first time after 1948.As a result of favorable international environment, peace process and sufficient monetary policy, the economy of Sri Lanka recovered and recorded growth rate of 4 percent in 2002 and it accelerated in 2003 to 5.9%. Mainly growth was achieved through service sector. Due to the adverse shocks, increase in international oil prices, drought, floods and tsunami disaster at the end of 2004, annual growth had fallen to 5.4 percent. Shortage of supply in agricultural products cause inflation rate to push upward recording 14.2 percent of average inflation in 2001. Tight demand management policies by central bank, increasing number of controlled prices and expansion of domestic production cause reduction of inflation rate to 9.6% in 2002 and 6.3% in 2003. Consequently, the factors used to stable the price level are related to supply side of the economy, drought and import price of key commodities generated cost-push inflation. And average inflation rate turn unfavorable to 7.6% in 2004. The slowdown in both economic growth and investment expansion during the year 2001 and 2002 resulted increase of unemployment rate marginally to 7.8% and 9.1% respectively. Economy recovery, mostly in service sector, and employment opportunities under the policy of new government, unemployment rate was declined in 2003 and 2004. Increasing countrys external reserve, expansion of external factors and recovery of export shows an overall surplus balance of BOP in 2001, 2002 and 2003, well below the target. In 2004 there is an adverse balance on BOP because of raising reserve money caused expansion of domestic assets and reduction of net foreign assets. Macroeconomic Policies Sustainable economic growth is achieved by utilizing the monetary and fiscal economic policies efficiently. Monetary policies are mainly focused on controlling the money supply within the economy through the use of instruments such as controlling interest rates, reserve requirements, exchange rates, etc. Fiscal policies are aimed at influencing the aggregate demand in the economy by using tools such as taxation and government spending (Delong Olney, 2006). 3.1 Maldives To maintain stable economic growth, the central bank of Maldives, Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) employs various monetary policies. One of those policies is to maintain a stable exchange rate to have price stability in the country. The instrument used to achieve this was to maintain a Minimum Requirement Reserve (MRR), MMA CDs, T-Bills, Repo Facility, Lombard facility and Rediscount facilities. These tools are used to control the money supply within the economy. When the economy moves into a contraction period these policies aim at increasing the money supply within the economy. For instance, when the economy faced a contraction in the aftermath of tsunami, MMA increased the money supply by selling T-Bills to finance the large investments of the government and the MMR was reduced thus, increasing the money supply in the economy. When the money supply increases and interest rates fall, the consumer spending increases increasing the demand for goods and services. However, in recent years, especially during 2008 and 2009, monetary policy instruments were mainly used to provide short credit facility to the government leading to rapid increase in money supply resulting with a high inflation and a shortage of foreign exchange. 3.2 Sri Lanka During the year 2001 Sri Lanka experienced a negative economic growth rate since 1948. To recover and achieve a high economic growth, Central bank started and continued to use fiscal consolidation process, increasing public investments, strengthening debt management and restructuring public enterprises. More over efforts were taken to reduce recurrent expenditures, setting up low interest rates hoping to reduce interest cost. Countrys total external reserve increased and stabilized the exchange rate enabling the central bank to purchase foreign exchange from the market. To improve domestic rupee liquidity central bank purchased foreign currency and shifted entire interest rate structure downward. In order to avoid cost push inflation, government increased the number of controlled price level. All these policies led to speed up economic growth of the country at the end of 2002. And to maintain this growth, government continued fiscal consolidation policies and tight monetary policy. A nd to gain a sufficient surplus balance on BOP some imports were controlled by imposing marginal requirements against letter of credit. In 2007 fiscal debt and public debt continue to improve despite the lower revenue collection during the year. These were achieved by rising defense expenditure, domestic interest rates, tax and duties. Government was able to reduce deficit financing from domestic banking sources. Government opted to switch more external borrowings in response unpredictable and rising domestic market interest rates. Conclusion As we observe economic trends of these two countries, both countries had fluctuations on their economic growth. As two countries are developing countries, fluctuations on their economy are mainly related to world economy. Reflections of natural disasters are the second major factor that caused slowdowns in the economic growth of these countries. Terrorist attack on 11th September 2001 and Tsunami disaster caused economic downturns for both countries. During the periods of recession and contraction, the central banks used several policies to recover their economy. Even though central bank of Maldives uses only monetary policies to sustain their economy, government of Sri Lanka used both fiscal and monetary policies to retain their favorable economic position. Appendices

Credibility and Impact

The internet has allowed American's to be able to gather information from the comfort of their own home. The internet has reshaped the political landscape because the internet spreades information fast, so they can react fast. The availability of information on the internet has affected how people view politicans and politics as a whole. The internet enables americans who want to be more involved in political process. The internet benefits politicans directly, their are alot of tools politicans can use to communicate with voters: email, blog, twitter, podcast. Politics have changed due to the internet is now lightning speed. They can react quickly to whats happening in the world. The internet could enables bloggers and commenteres to be salacious, rude and vulgar. But overall the internet allows politicans to see much more deeply into American psyche. Internet allows people to feeling through blogs just like if they was in a town hall meeting face to face. Conclusion: I never have used the internet has a great source but after doing research for the Senator I have more faith in our internet just have to double check your sources. I Hope you can start to access the web more on topics you would like to learn about.

Lies Youve Been Told About Fsu Essay Samples 2015

Lies You've Been Told About Fsu Essay Samples 2015 A shy person won't ever create a great persuasive essay. There's no ideal solution on how best to compose an effective essay. If you would like to learn how to compose a great persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct spot! Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning along with the whole thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. The success of the entire essay directly depends upon how good you present the supporting facts. As soon as you settle on the subject and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. There are lots of free examples of appropriate formatting. In case you have any questions, you can get in touch with our friendly support team night and day and get immediate assistance. The tradition is allowed in some states, but it's frowned upon and illegal in a lot more states. As a consequence, such students start looking for the best essay help to be certain that their project is going to be produced at the maximal level in agreement with all academic standards. For that reason, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose pe rsuasive paper. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, very good college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. There are lots of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Nobody is supposed to take a person's life since they didn't give life. If you aren't healthy, you won't get to relish life. The actual life is the one which has our death during its head. The simplest way to influence the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. Put simply, the structure of the paper depends a good deal on the topic and the form of question you need to answer to. A principal point is the aim of the human body paragraph. Having found the side that you're standing for, you will need to guarantee you fully grasp the standpoint of the opposite side. Main point is the crux of the entire writing and something which you're going to convince your readers in. Use the very best terms you can imagine! To begin with, it's important to choose a topic that it is possible to take a stand for. It is essential for writers to preview their principal points in the specific order they will be developed. Do not neglect to be aware the source for each evidence you're likely to utilize in your paper. Examples might also be included in each one of the body paragraphs to additional support and clarify your principal points. Such a paragraph might incorporate a concise overview of the ideas to be discussed in body of the paper together with other information related to your paper's argument. Each body paragraph should concentrate on a single argument, called the major point. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. The target of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is th e suitable viewpoint. Observe that the objective of a persuasive speech is just like the purpose for writing an argumentative or persuasive essay. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. The introductory paragraph is perhaps the most essential paragraph in the essay because it's the initial and possibly last opportunity to produce an effect on the reader. There aren't any steadfast rules that you want to adhere to as you write. A superb writer must know more about the significance of great hook. The principal aspect which produces a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. Order top-notch essay at the moment and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at affordable price. To purchase essay online, you simply will need to fill in the application form and you'll get excellent work on the desired topic. Whichever topic you select, always don't forget the significance of literature sources. Possessing fantastic research abilities and selecting a great topic is vital.

Critical Media Literacy Project - 878 Words

People in the lower class are often portrayed as pitiful, unworthy, lazy people who aren’t good for anything. That is according to what the media shows us daily. Blue collar work is viewed as â€Å"real† work (Linkon). The lower, working class takes pride in what they do because they accomplish something that takes effort and skill. The working class requires effort and strength. There are good lower class citizens who work for the benefit of their communities. The working class is unfortunately being brought down by the more â€Å"fortunate† higher-middle class and rich people. Basically, there is a bias in the representations of society (Ginsburgh). In a Levi’s - Go Work commercial, the lower class are positively portrayed as hard†¦show more content†¦Throughout the two minute commercial, it is showing the progression and the intensity of his hobby. At the end, he is shown overcoming his fall in the Niagara Falls by successfully leaving in a hot air balloon. The summary of this ad is if a person (more directly to the lower class audience) is in some way, operating a Honda engine, then that person can reach and explore new boundaries. This can raise a positive attitude to a person and maybe make them achieve what they wanted to. The majority of the media portray the lower class as a lazy group of individuals. It isn’t just ads that the lower class is viewed this way. Talk show hosts purposefully mock their less educated guests. But the news media has the most profound impact on what the viewers see. The news airs more lower class crimes than high profile, executive crimes (Mcdonald). Mcdonald also says that the media doesn’t fully provide the poor beneficial help. If the poor is missing a family member, the news only gives small amount of coverage. â€Å"It’s even worse for men,† says Sherry Linkon. Most lower class females are looked to be more competent than men. The men are u sually shown as â€Å"buffoons† (Linkon). Ginsburg quotes Charles Murray, â€Å"The men in the family were unable to hold a job for more than a few weeks at a time. Drunkenness was common. The children grew up ill-schooled and ill-behaved and contributed a disproportionate share of the local juvenile delinquents. ThinkShow MoreRelatedA Digital World Of Information And Communication1625 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication, it is imperative for us to begin thinking about reading and literacy in a new way. Our students must be proficient in what scholars describe as â€Å"new literacies.† This relatively new perspective in literacy instruction acknowledges and investigates the literacy practices that are borne out of digital technology (Houtman, 2013). In today’s world, being a proficient learner requires more than the traditional literacy skills of reading and writing. 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John Lockes Second Treatise, of Civil Government Putting...

Lockes Second Treatise, of Civil Government has the main idea of putting sovereignty into the hands of the people, and this was one of the main ideas behind the constitution. It plays in very well, the framers built the government around the people, by making it a republic. On the national level all people are represented, and as it is divided down to state, county, city, etc. the people gain more power. Albeit, there are many differing theories of the motives of the founding fathers, from Gods hand on their minds to the Burkean conservatives they are. In between those are the theories of John P. Roche and Charles A. Beard but those differ almost as much as the God and Burkean theories. Roche thought the founding fathers were†¦show more content†¦With the view point of Locke, I would fully agree with the theory of Roche, for many reasons. In the state of nature, natural law governs behavior, and each person has consent to execute that law against someone who wrongs them by b reaching their rights. But people give up these rights when they enter a civil society, in return they get a community with protection and trust, among other things. So, first of all, Locke stresses the point of trust in each other for a civil society, and in Beards theory he talks about how the framers themselves were distrustful of others and majority rule. But, Roche talks about the compromises each state delegate made when framing the constitution, and that alone breeds trust among them. Locke also believes that when the executive authority becomes too powerful, and no longer represents the people, then they should rebel and appoint a person they can trust. And if the founders are indeed greedy and self-interested politicians looking for personal gain, then Locke would only think of rebelling. But, it is very apparent that the only personal gain came as a coincidence through the compromises the framers made, and they were such a diverse group that none would have the same intere sts to be fulfilled. There were slave owners, and not slave owners, property owners and not,Show MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment And The Enlightenment907 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected the way people understood the role of government. It changed they way they think about the purpose of the government and who should govern them. Individuals did not have to accept despair. Science and reason could bring happiness and progress. Kings did not rule by divine right. They had an obligation to their subjects. Moreover, Declaration of Independence also supported the Enlightenment principles of government advocated by John Locke. John Lockes ideas that people are entitled to theirRead MoreMartin Luther, Thomas Hobbes And John Locke2526 Words   |  11 Pagesthe law. This declaration made by the powerful nations and signed by all nations strong and weak that belong to the United Nations reflects the thoughts of many earlier philosophers to include the 16th 17th Century Martin Luther, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. However, each philosopher -based on their times and experiences gave a different value to how men use their freedom and equality in presence of the other in a society, and in relation to political authority. As determinant of his freedom toRead MoreLockes Explanation of Creation, Value and Protection of Property5870 Words   |  24 PagesLockes Explanation of Creation, Value and Protection of Property ‘The great and chief end... of Mens uniting into Commonwealths, and putting themselves under Government, is the preservation of their property’ (Second treatise, para.124). How and why does Locke explain the creation, value and

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CSR Activities of Coca ColaClick for Get Free Solution

Question: Discuss the CSR Activities of Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction: Although the ulterior objective of any private organization is profit maximization, it also should ensure that its business practice does not create any environmental hazard, but if possible, does contribute to the well-being of the world. Keeping in mind, the responsible act of doing business, even large multinational companies, such as Coca Cola, is engaging much in CSR activities. The involvement in CSR activities, is not only helping Coca Cola in maintaining ecological sustainability and contributing to community well-being, but also in getting competitive advantage. As the CSR activities can easily attract the socially conscious consumers, it directly contributes to the organizational success (Tziner et al. 2013). Discussion: In the world of beverages, Coca cola is one of the most reputed names, leading the consumer market through its production of soft drinks, fruit drinks, sport drinks and many other types of beverages. Although Coca Cola is a leading name in the market of beverages, it is not free from close competition from some of the rival giants such as Monster Beverage or Pepsi. Hence, to retain its top position in the market, Coca Cola has incorporated the idea of CSR in its business strategy (Caplan et al. 2016). Research Questions: The research questions of the following research are as follows: What are the CSR activities that Coca Cola follows? How does the CSR activities help coca cola to attain brand value and enjoy competitive advantage in the business world? To what extent does Coca Cola follow the CSR activities in reality? Literature Review: According to Hills and Wellford, Coca cola is one of the few beverage companies of the world, which has taken up various initiatives to act like a responsible organization in the business world. The major CSR activities which Coca Cola engages itself in, are as follows: Figure 1: CSR Activities of Coca Cola (Caplan et al. 2013) Hills points out that as Coca cola is a beverage manufacturing organization, Coca Cola, puts much effort for the purpose of water conservation. The company follows a 3R approach to the purpose of water conservation. The company believes in Reducing the total amount of water being used, Reusing the wastewater on plants, and Replenishing the water being consumed in the process. For the purpose of replenishment of the water, the company invests on various initiatives, such as the Rain Water Harvesting Programs (Alabau et al. 2015). Wellford has pointed out that the company is also investing much energy and money for the sake of water efficient means of beverage production. The official report suggests that back in the year of 2004, the company was using as much as 2.7 Liters of water, for the purpose of producing a 1 Liter of its beverage product. However, by now the company has reduced its total consumption of water, as the company is using only 2.3 Liters for the production of 1 Liter bottle (Gleick Ajami 2013) . Furthermore, the company is also aiming at reducing the amount to only 1.7 liters, by the year of 2020. The introduction of the idea of water efficiency in the production process in the company was only possible, because the company has invested much money for the acquisition of improved technological devices, and the adoption of water foot printing techniques. Again, Hess has spoken recently about how Coca cola believes in the idea of shared interest. The CEO of Coca cola, Muhtar Kent, has specifically stated that the company believes in giving back as much as it takes. With this view in mind, the company has adopted the 5by20 scheme, which aims at providing adequate training and financial assistance to 5 million women entrepreneurs of the world (Dorfman et al. 2012) . Since, Coca cola as a beverage brand, promotes well-being and the art of healthy living, the industry invests much money for conducting various physical activity and nutrition programs, across the world. In fact, Coca Cola also invests a huge amount of money for helping children take preventive measures against Obesity. Coca Cola also financially helps the children of the lower strata of the society, by offering scholarship to as many as 1,35,000 children and the total amount of scholarship covered, the expense of fees, stationary, books and every other education related exp ense of each student (Stead et al. 2013). Coca cola has been ranked as one of the top 10 most respected brands of the world for its engagement in CSR activities. However, Wright states that Coca Colas CSR activities is a part of its effective business strategy. According to him, the company is benefitting much from CSR activities than the community is benefitting from such activities. In several countries, such as India and the US, the image of Coca Cola was nothing short of a corporate villain, a few years back. This was mainly because of the CSE report, claiming that the company is degrading and damaging the water through its production, and the beverage products were containing a huge amount of pesticides. Resultantly, the product was not only banned in many countries, but its sale dropped by 15% during 2003 (Doh et al. 2014). Hence, it became extremely important for the company to create environmental and social value, by saving energy and water, investing for literacy and sustainability programs. The CSR activities help s in creating goodwill in the minds of consumers as well as stakeholders. In 2013, Nielson conducted a research on 29,000 consumers asking them as to what influences their purchasing decision, and the response was incredible. More than half of the consumers claimed that they are influenced to buy even unhealthy products, if the company is a socially responsible one. Here, it is worth mentioning that Coca Cola has already bagged some prestigious awards such as the Golden Peacock Award for its sincere efforts in CSR activities, and this has doubled the annual revenue of the company (Epstein et al. 2014). It is undeniable that Coca Cola is actively contributing to question of community well-being and environmental sustainability, even if it is ultimately guided by profit-oriented goals. However, according to Frundt, reports suggest that Coca Cola, as a company, largely indulges in employee discrimination activities, based on racial considerations. Further, on various occasions, charges have been brought against the company for polluting soil, poisoning water, causing water shortage in the interior parts of each country (Karnani et al. 2013). Research Methodology: The researcher must have a clear idea about the methodology he is going to employ for conducting the research, as this will help in organizing his resources towards a cohesive whole. The research philosophy that the researcher is going to adopt is mainly Interpretivism. Although, the researcher will conduct both qualitative as well as quantitative method of research, he primarily aims to investigate the relation between Coca Colas CSR activities and the additional revenue generated by it. For this, Interpretivism will help the researcher in making an in-depth study of the present CSR strategy of Coca Cola, with the help of interview and interactive sessions with the managers and accountants of the company. The biggest advantage of CSR will be that the researcher will be able to have a thorough understanding of what Coca Cola and how is that helping the company in increasing its brand value in the business world (Portac et al. 2014). The researcher will be going to adopt both qualitative as well as quantitative methods for conducting the research. On the one hand, the researcher aims to investigate the extent to which Coca Colas CSR activities influence the purchasing decision of the buyers. On the other hand, the researcher also intends to find out how the different CSR activities are incorporated into the business strategy of the firm. For the former, the researcher will need a statistical data and hence employ a quantitative research method, while for the latter, a qualitative method will do (Creswell et al. 2013). Data Collection Method: The researcher will be chiefly collecting and using Secondary Data, as the researcher will be conducting the research by holding interviews and conducting surveys. The researcher will hold the interview with the accountants and the managers of Coca Cola, Australia, to understand the different CSR activities of the organization, and the impact of the same on the annual revenue and brand reputation of the company. The researcher will choose face-to-face as well as telephonic interviews. Besides, the researcher will conduct a survey on a few consumers and distribute a questionnaire to each one of them, asking them the extent to which CSR activities influence their buying behavior. The survey will be conducted both offline and online. However, the researcher will also use Primary data as he will go through the public records and official documents on Coca Cola company, and other literary articles, before conducting the research (Bryman et al. 2015). The research tools that will be requir ed for conducting the research are- questionnaires, pencil, and telephonic connection. Further, the researcher will also need access to online survey sites, such as SurveyMonkey. Data Analysis Method: The sample size of the research for interview is 6. The researcher will conduct the interview on 3 managers and 3 accountants of the Coca Cola company. Again, the sample size of the research for the survey is 50. Here, the sampling method, that the researcher is going to use, is Stratified Sampling Method. As a result, here, the researcher will be selecting the respondents for the survey on two conditions- (i) they are consumers of beverage products and (ii) they are well aware of the CSR activities of the beverage companies. Based on these criteria, they will be allowed to participate in the survey (Fowler et al. 2013). Expected Outcome: The researcher expects that by the end of the research process, he will be able to have a thorough understanding regarding the process by which large multinational organizations, such as Coca Cola, employ CSR strategies to achieve organizational success. Further, the researcher will also be able to make an enquiry into the fact that whether Coca Cola, employs CSR merely as a strategy or it does bring about significant social change (Hansen 2015). Reference List: Alabau, G.M.C., Shaw, K.A., Kenney, M.R., Kalloch, S. and Nelson, T., 2015. The Challenge of Positive Water Balance for Multinational Corporations. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility initiatives across the value chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,24(3), pp.15-24. Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), pp.57-66. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Doh, J.P. and Quigley, N.R., 2014. Responsible leadership and stakeholder management: Influence pathways and organizational outcomes.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(3), pp.255-274. Dorfman, L., Cheyne, A., Friedman, L.C., Wadud, A. and Gottlieb, M., 2012. Soda and tobacco industry corporate social responsibility campaigns: how do they compare?.PLoS Med,9(6), p.e1001241. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gleick, P.H. and Ajami, N., 2014.The World's Water Volume 8: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources(Vol. 8). Island press. Hansen, R.T., 2015.Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Case Study of the Beverage Manufacturing Sector(Doctoral dissertation). Karnani, A.G., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility Does Not Avert the Tragedy of the Commons--Case Study: Coca-Cola India.Ross School of Business Paper, (1210). Potrac, P., Jones, R.L. and Nelson, L., 2014. 4 Interpretivism.Research methods in sports coaching, p.31. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013. The coevolution of sustainable strategic management in the global marketplace.Organization Environment, p.1086026613489138. Tziner, A., 2013. Corporative social responsibility (CSR) activities in the workplace: A comment on Aguinis and Glavas (2013).Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,29(2), pp.91-93.